Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of medicine, Mina University, Egypt
2 Department Rheumatology and rehabilitation, Faculty of medicine, Mina University, Egypt
Abstract
Highlights
Conclusion
Radiography plays an important role in the diagnosis of sacroiliitis. However, these diseases are typically not detected until three to seven years after their onset. In addition, X-ray allows structural changes to be identified only when the damage has already become irreversible [10].
CT is more sensitive than conventional radiography for the detection of structural changes; therefore, it allows a more detailed assessment of the sacroiliac joints and higher grades of sacroiliitis [1].
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as an imaging method to detect sacroiliitis earlier [11].
Keywords
Main Subjects
Introduction
Spondyloarthropathy comprises a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome), arthritis, or spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. These afflictions predominantly affect the axial skeleton, causing pain and stiffness are seronegative for rheumatoid factor, and are often associated with the presence of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)–B27 [1].
Sacroiliitis is an inflammatory disease induced by an immune-mediated mecha-nism and is the most common initial feature, The usual presenting symptom is inflammatory low back pain[2, 3].
Imaging of sacroiliitis provides critical objective evidence for diagnosis. Plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative SI scintigraphy is the available imaging modalities to evaluate sacroiliitis [4].
Ankylosing spondylitis develops through complex interactions between genetic background and environmental factors as an autoimmune disease [5].
Materials and methods
Patient populations
This observational analytic study was conducted in the MRI unit, department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, during the period from June 2021 to Jan 2022, after being approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the department.
Forty patients diagnosed with AS were referred from Rheumatology Clinic to the MRI unit to be recruited in the study through counseling and a written informed consent were obtained from each patient prior to participating in the study.
All recruited patients were submitted to the following:
MRI study of the SIJs using Ingenia 1.5 T Philips closed MR scanner using body phased-array coil.
Image analysis:
Results
The study entrolled 40 patients, 27 patients are male (67.5 %) and 13 patients (13 %) are females. Mean age of entrolled patients was 34+/- 11 years, Table 1.
Table 1: Demographic data
Demographic data |
Cases N= 40 |
Gender (N%) Males Females |
27 (67.5%) 13 (32.5%) |
Age: Mean ± SD |
34.93 ± 11.21 |
The current study showed that sensitivity and specificity for Backfill on MRI Dixon is higher than sensitivity and specificity for Backfill on MRI T1 in comparison with erosions on CT, Table 2.
Table 2: Sensitivity and specificity for Backfill on MRI Dixon/ MRI T1 in comparison with erosions on CT
|
Sensitivity (%) |
Specificity (%) |
PPV (%) |
NPV (%) |
Backfill on MRI T1 |
100% |
45.5% |
82.86% |
100% |
Backfill on MRI Dixon |
100% |
90.91% |
96.67% |
100% |
PPV (positive predictive value), NPV (Negative predictive value).
Discussion
Bone erosions seen on T1W images and in-phase T1W based 3D Dixon images, our results show that number of erosions on Dixons images is higher than number of erosions on T1WI in same patients using CT study as a reference. This is in agreement with (Huang, H. et al., 2020) [8].
Our results showed that both in-phase and fat-only T1W based 3D Dixon images are considered superior in detecting subchon-dral sclerosis in sacroiliac joints in comparison with conventional T1-weigh-ted images. This is in agreement with (Özgen, A., 2017). [9]
Water-only T1w based 3D Dixon images couldnot show active subchondral bone marrow changes of sacroiliitis unlike Water-only T2-weighted multipoint Dixon images is considered superior for the detection of the active changes [9]
References