IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF HAX1 IN INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST AND CORRESPONDING LYMPH NODE METASTASES.

Thabit, Dina; Mohamed, Fatma El Zahraa Ammar; Gayyed, Mariana; Mohamed Tawfik, Heba; Teleb, Salwa

doi:10.21608/mjmr.2024.144974.1091

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF HAX1 IN INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST AND CORRESPONDING LYMPH NODE METASTASES.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ pathology departement, Faculty of Medicine, Minia university, Minia, Egypt

² Pathology department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

³ 36 Moustafa Fahmy street

⁴ Pathology department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

10.21608/mjmr.2024.144974.1091

Abstract

Background:

HAX1 protein comprises a family of ubiquitously expressed proteins ranging in size from ∼26 to ∼35 kDa that result from complex alternative splicing events of the single HAX-1 gene. Hax1 acts as antiapoptotic protein through different mechanisms. Moreover, HAX1 enhances cellular invasion and migration through different pathways.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of HAX1 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and in corresponding lymph node metastasis.

Materials and methods: The expression of HAX1 was examined in 70 tumor tissues plus 54 paraffin blocks of corresponding lymph node metastasis by immunohistochemistry.

Results: The association between expression of this marker and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. HAX1 was highly expressed in 47.1% of the cases. HAX1 was positively correlated with larger tumor size (p=0.004), higher grade tumors (P = 0.029), advanced tumor stage (p=0.001), more lymph node involvement (p= 0.028), poor Nottingham prognostic index (P=0.008), PR negativity (p=0.031), HER2 negativity (p=0.024), high Ki67 index (p=0.029) and distant metastasis (p=0.002).

As regard HAX1 expression in primary tumor and corresponding lymph node metastasis, 87% of pairs revealed a concordance between the primary tumor and corresponding lymph node metastasis and only 7 cases (13%) were nonconcordant and the results were statistically significant (p=0.001).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that HAX1 expression can be considered as a poor prognostic and therapeutic marker for targeted therapy of breast cancer patients.

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