Utility of some Heamatological Parameters in Diagnosis of recent onset Type One Diabetes :a case control study

ElBakry, Noura Mohammed; Ismail, Ahlam Mohamed; Farag, Naglaa Makram; Abdelhameed, Maisa Mohamed Alanwar

doi:10.21608/mjmr.2025.376832.1937

Utility of some Heamatological Parameters in Diagnosis of recent onset Type One Diabetes :a case control study

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minya University, Egypt

² Pediatrics, Midicine,Minia University

³ alminya

⁴ Resident at pediatric and neonatology department, faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt

10.21608/mjmr.2025.376832.1937

Abstract

Type one Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease and is usually due to impairment the immune system including monocytes. This article provides an in-depth analysis of select hematological parameters, including white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, highlighting their significance in the pathogenesis of T1D. The white blood cell (WBC) count, its subtypes, and the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are recognized markers of inflammation in diverse pathological conditions. Monocyte subsets, defined by CD14 and CD16 expression, play distinct roles in inflammation. The CD14+CD16+ subset, in particular, is pro-inflammatory. Researching the impact of these subsets on T1D in young children could reveal new avenues for understanding disease pathogenesis and prognosis.

Objective: To analyzing the relationship between hematological parameters and type 1 diabetes, with a focus on pathophysiology.

Methods: a case control study including forty children (Group I)with recent onset type one diabetes, their age between 5 to15 years old, and Group II (control group) consisted of 25 children. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell was incubated for 24 hours and levels of CD14+ & CD16+ were measured, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio was calculated using the equation (LMR= absolute lymphocyte count / absolute monocyte count).

Results: We found a significant difference in the presence of intermediate monocytes CD14+, CD16+ in diabetic group compared to control group. Fasting blood glucose levels were directly associated with the frequency of CD14+CD16+ monocytes.

Conclusion: According to the significant diversities of hematological parameters and monocyte subtypes between patients group, these markers could be used as diagnostic markers for T1DM.

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